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The King's Cut

The King takes his cut, and you never got a vote. Bend or break?
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U.S. History / Social Studies Grades 5-8 6 roles 46 min 1 class period
U.S. History / Social Studies Grades 5-8 6 roles 46 min 1 class period
Colonial America, 1765-1774. King George's government is deep in debt from the French and Indian War and decides to make the colonies pay - through a chain of new taxes the colonists had no vote on. Five colonial factions and the Crown play out the road from the Stamp Act to the Intolerable Acts.

The Crown taxes the colonies act by act - and they never got a vote. Each faction decides round by round whether to bend (comply, petition) or break (boycott, smuggle, dump the tea) as the taxes escalate from the Stamp Act to the eve of revolution.

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Class Time

46 minutes

Designed For

1 class period

Roles

6 roles

Class Sizes

Core (4 roles), Full (6 roles)

Learning Objectives

6 objectives

Standards

17 standards aligned

Where This Fits in Your Curriculum

Run this at the front of the American Revolution unit, before students read the causes rather than after. It is built to make those causes felt instead of reviewed. Students need to know the colonies were British and that Britain had just fought an expensive war. They do not need the acts, the dates, or the order they came in, because producing that sequence is what the game does. Underneath the taxes, the lesson is consent and escalation: why 'we repealed it' and 'we still have the right to tax you' are not the same concession, and why each faction's choice to comply, petition, boycott, smuggle, or dump the tea depends on what the act costs that faction specifically. The grade band toggle matters here. Fifth and sixth graders run Foundations with a because-clause reflection; seventh and eighth graders run Analysis with primary sources and a counterfactual.

What Students Will Learn

Social & Emotional Learning (CASEL)

Aligned to the CASEL framework's core competencies. These are the SEL skills students actively practice while playing.

Flexible Class Sizes

Core (4 roles)
The Crown, the Merchants, the Sons of Liberty, and the Farmers. The smallest playable set: the Crown that takes, the faction hit hardest on trade, the faction that wants to fight, and the swing faction whose turn signals real trouble. The Printers' press multiplier folds into narration and the Loyalists' dissenting voice folds into the teacher's framing. Use for classes of about 8-16. In Foundations the Crown is teacher-run, so students fill Merchants, Sons of Liberty, and Farmers.
Full (6 roles)
All six: the Crown plus five colonial factions including the Printers (press multiplier on Unrest) and the Loyalists (principled order-and-rule-of-law voice, vindicated in the low-Unrest outcomes). The fullest version of the information economy and the clearest Loyalist contrast. Use for classes of about 16-30. Elementary cap: max 3 students per device.

How the Game Plays Out

Turn 1: The Stamp Act
The first tax you never voted for
"When a tax lands and you had no say, do you pay, protest, or refuse?"
Turn 2: Repeal and the Declaratory Act
They gave back the tax - and kept the power
"If they give back a tax but keep the right to tax you any time, is that a win?"
Turn 3: The Townshend Acts
Taxes on what you import
"Does refusing to buy hurt the King more than it hurts you?"
Turn 4: Occupation and the Boston Massacre
Redcoats in the streets
"Who decides what really happened - and how does that change what people do next?"
Turn 5: The Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party
Cheap tea, with a hidden hook
"Is destroying someone's property ever the right way to make a point?"
Turn 6: The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
The Crown cracks down - unite or submit
"When the rules turn into punishment, do you unite and resist, or submit and survive?"

Roles Your Students Will Play

6 roles across 2 factions. Each has different information, different goals, and different leverage. Click any role to see their background and what they are trying to accomplish.

The Crown
crown
King George's ministers lead Parliament in London, and it is deep in debt from the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War), a war fought partly to defend the colonies. Parliament decides the colonies should help pay - through taxes the colonists never got to vote on. The Crown collects the tax and never pays it.

You collect every tax; you never pay one. You balance two things you cannot both have at full strength: Treasury (the money you pull in) and loyalty (low Unrest). Tax light and you stay loved but broke. Tax hard and you fill the chest - but the powder keg climbs. You see the Treasury target but only a vague read of the colonial mood, so it is easy to push too far - exactly what Britain did.

Goals
  • Fill the Treasury - the colonies should help pay off the war debt.
  • Keep the colonies loyal and British - do not light the fuse.
  • Decide each act how hard to tax, and whether to repeal when Unrest climbs (1766 and 1770 were real off-ramps).
The Merchants
colonies
You are Boston and port traders, the John Hancocks of the colonies. Your money comes from ships, cargo, and trade across the Atlantic. Taxes on trade hit you harder than almost anyone - but a boycott that shuts down trade hurts your own pocket too.

Trade duties hit you HARD (highest exposure on the Townshend Acts). You can comply, petition, boycott, or - in the 7-8 game - smuggle. Historically you led the boycott, then broke it early when it started costing you real money. The engine lets you waver, just like the real merchants did.

Goals
  • Keep your money and keep trading.
  • Avoid taxes that eat your profits - especially the trade duties.
  • Decide when fighting the Crown is worth the cost to your own business.
The Sons of Liberty
colonies
You are the artisans, radicals, and organizers - the Sons of Liberty. You believe the King has crossed a line, and you organize the resistance: protests, boycotts, and the Committees of Correspondence that let colonies coordinate. You feel the taxes, but the principle matters to you more than the coin.

Your exposure is medium - this fight is about principle, not just your own pocket. You lean toward boycott and protest, and you can rally other factions through the Committees of Correspondence (when factions act together, a boycott hits the Crown harder). When the moment comes to dump the tea, you are the ones throwing it.

Goals
  • Push back hard against taxes the colonists never voted on.
  • Rally other factions to act together - united boycotts hurt the Crown most.
  • Force the question of representation onto the table.
The Farmers and Landholders
colonies
You are rural smallholders - farmers and landholders who work your own land. Early on the taxes barely touch you, and you would rather have peace and quiet than a fight. But you are the swing faction: when the taxes finally reach you and YOU turn against the Crown, that is when everyone knows it has gotten serious.

Your exposure starts LOW and rises - you are the last to feel it, which is exactly why your turn matters. You want peace, so you lean toward comply or petition early. But you are the swing: when the Sons of Liberty win YOU over, or the Coercive Acts finally hit your interests, the whole room shifts. Watch the Proclamation of 1763 too - it fenced you off from western land you wanted.

Goals
  • Keep the peace and protect your land and your harvest.
  • Avoid getting dragged into a fight that does not yet touch you.
  • Decide the moment when staying loyal costs more than resisting.
The Printers and Press
colonies
You are printers, pamphleteers, and lawyers - the people who put words on paper. The Stamp Act taxed exactly your world: every newspaper, pamphlet, legal document, and license. That is why it backfired so badly - it enraged the very people best able to shape public opinion. Your words can pour water on the fire or gasoline.

The Stamp Act hits you HARDEST of anyone - it taxed paper itself. Whatever response you choose, your press MULTIPLIES its effect on Unrest (about 1.5x), because you shape what everyone else believes. You report the Boston Massacre: do you run Revere's furious engraving, or the calmer, truer account? Your headline moves the powder keg.

Goals
  • Fight the tax that lands hardest on your trade.
  • Use your printing press to shape how the colonies feel about each act.
  • Decide whether to stir people up a lot or only a little.
The Loyalists
colonies
You are colonists loyal to Britain - roughly fifteen to twenty percent of white colonists, by historians' estimates. You pay the taxes, and you believe in order, law, and staying British. You think the radicals are leading everyone toward chaos and violence, and you fear what comes after the rules break down. You are not a villain - you are the principled voice of caution and the rule of law.

You pay the taxes, and you believe order is worth more than a fight. You lean toward petition over protest - work within the system. When Unrest stays low, history vindicates YOU: the colonies stay British and avoid a bloody war. Your scorecard surfaces that. You are the principled dissenting voice, not the enemy.

Goals
  • Keep the colonies loyal, lawful, and British.
  • Cool the radicals down - petition and negotiate instead of riot.
  • Prevent the slide into violence and chaos you see coming.

Hand Each Student Their Own Sheet

One click on the teacher dashboard prints a dossier for every role - background, goals, key facts, and their confidential briefing - plus the primary-source packet and a vocabulary sheet. Print them, or save as PDF, so each student reads their role on paper instead of huddling around one screen. The app still runs the votes and the action; the paper just carries the reading.

Primary Sources

Every role includes real historical documents. Students read them because they need the information to make their case.

Stamp Act Congress, Declaration of Rights and Grievances
The Declaratory Act
Virtual Representation - Two Sides
John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
The Boston Massacre - Propaganda vs. the Courtroom
A Loyalist's Warning (Samuel Seabury, 'Westchester Farmer')
Enslaved People's Freedom Petition to the Massachusetts Legislature
Declaration of Independence - The Tax Grievance

Key Terms Students Will Learn

taxdutyParliamentrepresentationboycottpetitionrepealLoyalistPatriotCongressIntolerable ActsStamp ActTownshend ActsBoston Tea PartyDeclaratory Actvirtual representationnon-importationsmuggleinternal vs. external taxCommittees of Correspondence

After the Game: Debrief Questions

  1. Finish this sentence: 'I felt ___ when ___ because ___.' When did the unfairness hit you hardest?
  2. Walk me through the order: Stamp Act, then what? What got bigger each step from 1765 to 1774?
  3. Some colonists, the Loyalists, wanted to stay calm and stay British. Were they wrong? When does staying loyal make more sense than fighting?
  4. The colonists kept shouting 'liberty' and 'rights.' Whose liberty were they NOT talking about?
  5. Dumping the tea destroyed a fortune in someone else's property. Was the Boston Tea Party justified?
  6. Analysis: Britain said the colonies were 'virtually' represented. Dulany called that a 'mere cobweb.' Who was right, and why?
  7. Analysis: What single Crown decision would have produced a different ending? Trace how it would have moved the meters.
  8. Analysis: How did thirteen separate colonies ever manage to act as one? What made the Continental Congress possible?

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